S32K1xx MCAL之SPI模块配置——片选、时钟、数据的正确打开方式

目录一、SPI基础知识回顾1.1 SPI四线制1.2 SPI四种工作模式二、MCAL SPI核心概念Sequence / Job / Channel2.1 Channel通道2.2 Job作业2.3 Sequence序列三、EB Tresos配置流程3.1 Mcu时钟配置3.2 Spi配置3.2.1 SpiGeneral3.2.2 SpiChannel3.2.3 SpiExternalDevice3.2.4 SpiJob3.2.5 SpiSequence3.2.6 SpiPhyUnit四、代码实现五、测试在车载嵌入式开发中SPI串行外设接口凭借其高速、全双工、简单易用的特点被广泛用于传感器数据采集、存储芯片读写、外围设备控制等场景。S32K1xx系列MCU的MCAL微控制器抽象层提供了标准化的Spi驱动能够方便地配置多路SPI通信并且精确控制通信速率、数据格式和片选时序。本文基于 S32K118 和 EB tresos 配置工具详细介绍如何使用MCAL的Spi模块正确配置片选CS极性、时钟SCLK极性和相位、数据传输位宽等关键参数实现主从设备间的稳定通信并给出完整的代码示例。一、SPI基础知识回顾1.1 SPI四线制SPI协议使用主从架构通过四个主要信号线完成全双工通信⚠️注意CS信号通常是低电平有效但有些器件可能相反配置时一定要查清楚器件手册。1.2 SPI四种工作模式时钟极性CPOL和时钟相位CPHA的组合定义了四种SPI模式关键主从设备的SPI模式配置必须一致否则通信将失败二、MCAL SPI核心概念Sequence / Job / Channel在MCAL SPI驱动中有三个核心概念需要理解2.1 Channel通道软件层面的概念与硬件物理通道无关主要负责Buffer的配置一个Channel可以同时属于多个Job2.2 Job作业和外设绑定一个Job下面可以有多个Channel且至少有一个Channel一个Job可以同时属于多个Sequence2.3 Sequence序列传输的基本单元只能操作Sequence一个Sequence下面可以有多个Job且至少有一个Job同一个Sequence下的多个Job拥有相同的优先级要点传输以Sequence为单位发起一个Sequence完成需要其下所有Job和所有Channel都传输完成。三、EB Tresos配置流程3.1 Mcu时钟配置S32K1的LPSPI时钟源可以选择系统时钟、SOSCDIV2_CLK、SIRCDIV2_CLK、FIRCDIV2_CLK这里选择FIRCDIV2_CLK作为LPSPI0的时钟源增加LPSPI0的参考时钟3.2 Spi配置3.2.1 SpiGeneralSpiChannelBuffersAllowed控制着每个SpiChannel的数据是存放在驱动内部还是由上层应用来提供。内部缓冲区 (IB)数据和缓存都由Spi驱动自己管理和维护外部缓冲区 (EB)数据和缓存的指针由上层应用通过API提供驱动直接操作上层应用指定的内存。配置为2即 IB和EB都支持SpiLevelDelivered用于决定SPI驱动支持同步传输、异步传输还是两者都支持。配置为2即两者都支持SpiCPUClockRef时钟配置为FIRCDIV2_CLK3.2.2 SpiChannel增加两个SpiChannelSpiDataWidth用于指定每次传输的数据位宽也就是每一帧数据有多少个比特位SpiIbNBuffers生效的前提是该通道的SpiChannelType被设置为了IB(Internal Buffer)。这个参数的值就是该通道内部缓冲区的大小3.2.3 SpiExternalDevice增加一个ExternalDeviceSpiBaudrate波特率设置SpiCsIdentifier为一个具体的 SPI 从设备指定它所连接的那个硬件片选CS引脚SpiCsPolarity 用于指定片选CS信号的有效电平极性——也就是告诉驱动这个从设备需要CS引脚拉高还是拉低才算被选中SpiCsSelection决定了片选CS信号的控制方式——是交给SPI硬件外设自动管理还是由MCAL驱动通过GPIO软件模拟控制SpiDataShiftEdge定义了 SPI 数据的移位边沿。LEADING在时钟信号的第一个边沿前沿移位数据TRAILING在时钟信号的第二个边沿后沿移位数据⚙️ 与 CPHA 的关系及配置误区一个常见的误解是将 SpiDataShiftEdge 等同于 CPHA时钟相位但实际上它与 CPHA 的配置相反SpiDataShiftEdge 定义的是“数据改变”的边沿而非“数据采样”的边沿。当 SpiDataShiftEdge 配置为 TRAILING后沿移位时实际上对应的是 CPHA 0在第一个边沿采样第二个边沿改变数据。反之当配置为 LEADING前沿移位时对应的是 CPHA 1在第二个边沿采样第一个边沿改变数据。SpiEnableCs片选使能SpiShiftClockIdleLevel: 用于指定 SPI 时钟信号SCLK在空闲状态时的电平——也就是没有数据传输时时钟线是保持高电平还是低电平。这个参数直接对应 SPI 协议中的 CPOL3.2.4 SpiJob增加一个Job定义用什么参数传关联 ExternalDevice、优先级SpiJobPriority 的值范围是 0~3数值越大优先级越高。3.2.5 SpiSequenceSpiSequence是 MCAL SPI 驱动中最高层的配置容器也是用户在应用层直接操作的对象。它把多个SpiJob按顺序组装成一个完整的传输任务用户只需调用 Spi_AsyncTransmit(SequenceID) 或 Spi_SyncTransmit(SequenceID)驱动就会自动按顺序执行该 Sequence 下的所有 Job。增加一个SpiSequence指定job3.2.6 SpiPhyUnitSpiPhyUnit 是MCAL SPI驱动中最底层的硬件抽象单元直接对应 S32K1xx 芯片上的一个具体LPSPI硬件外设实例如 LPSPI0、LPSPI1。在 EB Tresos 中它配置的是这个 SPI 硬件模块本身怎么工作而不是某个从设备怎么通信。SpiPhyUnitMode主模式SpiPhyUnitSync用于决定该SPI硬件单元是否支持同步阻塞传输模式。它控制着调用 Spi_SyncTransmit() 时CPU 要不要一直等到传输完成才能干别的事。SpiPhyUnitClockRef参考时钟配置四、代码实现测试代码采用同步传输模式在一个sequence中传输一个job一个job中传输两个channel数据#includeS32K118.h#includes32_core_cm0.h#includeMcu.h#includePort.h#includeDio.h#includeGpt.h#includeMcal.h#includeCDD_Mcl.h#includeCan.h#includeWdg.h#includePwm.h#includeSpi.h#includeS32K118_features.h//#define Enable_Wdg#defineEnable_Spi#ifdefined(__ghs__)#define__INTERRUPT_SVC__interrupt#define__NO_RETURN_Pragma(ghs nowarning 111)#elifdefined(__ICCARM__)#define__INTERRUPT_SVC__svc#define__NO_RETURN_Pragma(diag_suppressPe111)#elifdefined(__GNUC__)#define__INTERRUPT_SVC__attribute__((interrupt(SVC)))#define__NO_RETURN#else#define__INTERRUPT_SVC#define__NO_RETURN#endif#defineS32K11x_SERIES1/** S32_NVIC - Size of Registers Arrays */#defineS32_NVIC_ISER_COUNT1u#defineS32_NVIC_ICER_COUNT1u#defineS32_NVIC_ISPR_COUNT1u#defineS32_NVIC_ICPR_COUNT1u#defineS32_NVIC_IPR_COUNT8u/** S32_NVIC - Register Layout Typedef */typedefstruct{__IOuint32_tISER[S32_NVIC_ISER_COUNT];/** Interrupt Set Enable Register, array offset: 0x0, array step: 0x4 */uint8_tRESERVED_0[124];__IOuint32_tICER[S32_NVIC_ICER_COUNT];/** Interrupt Clear Enable Register, array offset: 0x80, array step: 0x4 */uint8_tRESERVED_1[124];__IOuint32_tISPR[S32_NVIC_ISPR_COUNT];/** Interrupt Set Pending Register, array offset: 0x100, array step: 0x4 */uint8_tRESERVED_2[124];__IOuint32_tICPR[S32_NVIC_ICPR_COUNT];/** Interrupt Clear Pending Register, array offset: 0x180, array step: 0x4 */uint8_tRESERVED_3[380];__IOuint32_tIPR[S32_NVIC_IPR_COUNT];/** Interrupt Priority Register n, array offset: 0x300, array step: 0x4 */}S32_NVIC_Type,*S32_NVIC_MemMapPtr;#defineS32_NVIC_BASE(0xE000E100u)/** Peripheral S32_NVIC base pointer */#defineS32_NVIC((S32_NVIC_Type*)S32_NVIC_BASE)/** Array initializer of S32_NVIC peripheral base addresses */#defineS32_NVIC_BASE_ADDRS{S32_NVIC_BASE}/** Array initializer of S32_NVIC peripheral base pointers */#defineS32_NVIC_BASE_PTRS{S32_NVIC}#defineFEATURE_NVIC_PRIO_BITS(2U)externuint32_t__VECTOR_RAM[((uint32_t)(LPUART0_RxTx_IRQn))16U1U];externuint32_t__VECTOR_TABLE[((uint32_t)(LPUART0_RxTx_IRQn))16U1U];externuint32_t__DATA_ROM[];externuint32_t__DATA_END[];typedefvoid(*isr_t)(void);voidINT_SYS_EnableIRQ(IRQn_Type irqNumber){S32_NVIC-ISER[(uint32_t)(irqNumber)5U](uint32_t)(1UL((uint32_t)(irqNumber)(uint32_t)0x1FU));}voidINT_SYS_InstallHandler(IRQn_Type irqNumber,constisr_tnewHandler,isr_t*constoldHandler){constuint32_t*aVectorRam(uint32_t*)__VECTOR_RAM;constuint32_t*aVectorTable(uint32_t*)__VECTOR_TABLE;constuint32_t*aDataRom(uint32_t*)__DATA_ROM;constuint32_t*aDataRam(uint32_t*)__DATA_END;if((aVectorRam!aVectorTable)||(aDataRomaDataRam)){uint32_t*pVectorRam(uint32_t*)__VECTOR_RAM;/* Save the former handler pointer */if(oldHandler!(isr_t*)0){*oldHandler(isr_t)pVectorRam[((int32_t)irqNumber)16];}pVectorRam[((int32_t)irqNumber)16](uint32_t)newHandler;}}voidINT_SYS_SetPriority(IRQn_Type irqNumber,uint8_tpriority){uint8_tshift(uint8_t)(8U-FEATURE_NVIC_PRIO_BITS);if((int32_t)irqNumber0){uint32_tintVectorId((uint32_t)(irqNumber)0xFU);uint32_tregIdintVectorId/4U;/* Compute pointer to SHPR register - avoid MISRA violation. */#ifdefined(S32K11x_SERIES)volatileuint32_t*shpr_reg_ptr((regId2U)?(volatileuint32_t*)S32_SCB-SHPR2:(volatileuint32_t*)S32_SCB-SHPR3);uint8_tpriByteShift(uint8_t)(((uint8_t)(intVectorId)0x3U)3U);/* Clear the old value from the register */*shpr_reg_ptr~(0xFFULpriByteShift);/* Set Priority for Cortex-M0P System Interrupts */*shpr_reg_ptr|((uint32_t)(((((uint32_t)priority)shift))0xFFUL))priByteShift;#elsevolatileuint8_t*shpr_reg_ptr((regId1U)?(volatileuint8_t*)S32_SCB-SHPR1:((regId2U)?(volatileuint8_t*)S32_SCB-SHPR2:(volatileuint8_t*)S32_SCB-SHPR3));/* Set Priority for Cortex-M4 System Interrupts */shpr_reg_ptr[intVectorId%4U](uint8_t)(((((uint32_t)priority)shift))0xffUL);#endif/* defined (S32K11x_SERIES) */}else{/* Set Priority for device specific Interrupts */#ifdefined(S32K11x_SERIES)uint32_tiprVectorId(uint32_t)(irqNumber)2U;uint8_tpriByteShift(uint8_t)((((uint8_t)irqNumber)0x3U)3U);/* Clear the old value from the register */S32_NVIC-IPR[iprVectorId]~(0xFFULpriByteShift);S32_NVIC-IPR[iprVectorId]|((uint32_t)(((((uint32_t)priority)shift))0xFFUL))priByteShift;#elseS32_NVIC-IP[(uint32_t)(irqNumber)](uint8_t)(((((uint32_t)priority)shift))0xFFUL);#endif/* defined (S32K11x_SERIES) */}}voidCan_TxMessage(void){Can_PduType TxPdu;uint8 TxMessage[8]{0x11,0x22,0x33,0x44,0x55,0x66,0x77,0x88};TxPdu.id0x456;TxPdu.swPduHandle0;TxPdu.length8;TxPdu.sdu(uint8*)TxMessage[0];Can_Write((Can_HwHandleType)CanHardwareObject_TX,(Can_PduType*)TxPdu);}voidTask_10ms(void){Dio_FlipChannel(DioConf_DioChannel_PTC_6);#ifdefEnable_WdgWdg_SetTriggerCondition(100);#endif}voidWdg_IsrNotification0(void){Wdg_SetTriggerCondition(100);}uint8CAN_PdurReceiveCallout(void){returnTRUE;}voidCan_ErrorNotification(void){uint32 i0;i;}voidCanFD_ErrorNotification(void){uint32 i0;i;}externISR(LPIT_0_ISR);externISR(FTM_0_ISR);externISR(Wdg_Wdog0_Isr);uint8_tSPI_IB[8]{0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x55};uint8_tSPI_IB2[4]{0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11};intmain(void){/* module init */Mcu_Init(Mcu_Config);Mcu_InitClock(0U);Port_Init(Port_Config);Mcl_Init(Mcl_Config);Gpt_Init(Gpt_Config);Can_Init(Can_Config);Pwm_Init(Pwm_Config);Pwm_SetDutyCycle(PwmChannel_0,(uint16)0x2000);#ifdefEnable_SpiSpi_Init(Spi_Config);//初始化Spi模块#endif#ifdefEnable_WdgWdg_Init(Wdg_Config);Wdg_SetTriggerCondition(100);#endif/* Gpt Enable */Gpt_StartTimer(GptConf_GptChannelConfiguration_GptChannelConfiguration_10msTask,240000);Gpt_EnableNotification(GptConf_GptChannelConfiguration_GptChannelConfiguration_10msTask);Can_SetControllerMode(CanConf_CanController_CanController_0,CAN_CS_STARTED);#ifdefEnable_WdgWdg_SetMode(WDGIF_SLOW_MODE);#endifINT_SYS_SetPriority(LPIT_IRQn,3);#ifdefEnable_WdgINT_SYS_SetPriority(FTM0_Ch0_Ch7_IRQn,2);INT_SYS_SetPriority(WDOG_IRQn,1);#endif/* Interrupt Enable */INT_SYS_EnableIRQ(LPIT_IRQn);INT_SYS_InstallHandler(LPIT_IRQn,LPIT_0_ISR,NULL_PTR);#ifdefEnable_WdgINT_SYS_EnableIRQ(FTM0_Ch0_Ch7_IRQn);INT_SYS_InstallHandler(FTM0_Ch0_Ch7_IRQn,FTM_0_ISR,NULL_PTR);INT_SYS_EnableIRQ(WDOG_IRQn);INT_SYS_InstallHandler(WDOG_IRQn,Wdg_Wdog0_Isr,NULL_PTR);#endif/* CAN TX message */Can_TxMessage();#ifdefEnable_SpiSpi_WriteIB(SpiConf_SpiChannel_SpiChannel_0,SPI_IB[0]);//设置channel0 IB buffer数据Spi_WriteIB(SpiConf_SpiChannel_SpiChannel_1,SPI_IB2[0]);//设置channel0 IB buffer数据Spi_SyncTransmit(SpiConf_SpiSequence_SpiSequence_0);//Spi同步传输#endifwhile(1){Can_MainFunction_Mode();Can_MainFunction_Write();Can_MainFunction_Read();Can_MainFunction_BusOff();#ifdefEnable_SpiSpi_MainFunction_Handling();//Spi周期处理函数#endif}}五、测试运行测试代码观察MOSI波形。可以看到前8个字节为0x55后4个字节为0x11。