相关阅读Formalityhttps://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45791458/category_12841971.html?spm1001.2014.3001.5482简介在使用Formality时黑盒(black box)的概念很重要指的是一个其功能未知的设计。黑盒通常用于设计中不可综合的组件包括RAM、ROM、模拟电路和硬核IP等。它也是需要匹配的对象之一必须确保参考设计和实现设计之间存在一一对应的映射黑盒输入引脚被视为比较点而黑盒输出引脚被视为普通匹配点关于这两者的概念详见下面这篇博客。Formality匹配(match)是如何进行的https://chenzhang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/144404964哪些情况会产生黑盒只有端口定义而没有其他定义的设计或者说STUB模块例1所示的设计black_box只有端口定义因此被认为是黑盒设计这种黑盒拥有完整的引脚定义名字和方向。// 例1 module black_box ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); endmodule module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .data_in(data_in), .data_out(data_out) ); endmodule下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/top_module Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 22:59:54 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### DESIGN LIBRARY - r:/WORK ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- e black_box Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/top_module/u_black_box功能信息不包含库文件(.db)中的设计以存储器为例Memory Compiler会生成含引脚和时序信息的.lib文件而经过Library Compiler编译后的.db文件中一般只含有一个存储器宏单元且不包含功能信息如下报告所示其中的b属性代表该宏单元没有功能信息。lc_shell report_lib ram4x32_max ram4x32 **************************************** Report : library Library: ram4x32_max Version: O-2018.06-SP1 Date : Mon Jan 27 23:04:54 2025 **************************************** Library Type : Technology Tool Created : W-2004.12 Date Created : .18-Dec-2001 Library Version : .1.0 Comments : Unit Area representation 6.0516 sq.micron Components: Attributes: af - active falling ah - active high al - active low ar - active rising b - black box (function unknown) Cell Footprint Attributes ------------------------------------------- ram4x32 ram4x32 b, d, mo, s, u例2所示的设计ram4x32是来自逻辑库的宏单元因此被认为是黑盒设计这种黑盒拥有完整的引脚定义名字和方向。// 例2 module ram4x32_top( input wire CE1, input wire CE2, input wire OEB1, input wire OEB2, input wire CSB1, input wire CSB2, input wire WEB1, input wire WEB2, input wire [4:0] A1, input wire [4:0] A2, input wire [3:0] I1, input wire [3:0] I2, output wire [3:0] O1, output wire [3:0] O2 ); ram4x32 U_ram4x32 ( .CE1(CE1), .CE2(CE2), .OEB1(OEB1), .OEB2(OEB2), .CSB1(CSB1), .CSB2(CSB2), .WEB1(WEB1), .WEB2(WEB2), .A1(A1), .A2(A2), .I1(I1), .I2(I2), .O1(O1), .O2(O2) ); endmodule下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/ram4x32_top Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 22:55:14 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### TECH LIBRARY - r:/RAM4X32_MAX ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- m ram4x32 Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/ram4x32_top/U_ram4x32变量hdlin_unresolved_modules定义为black_box时未解析的设计当设计的所有定义都缺失时默认情况下即变量hdlin_unresolved_modules定义为error时在使用set_top命令进行展开时会报错“Error: Unresolved references detected during link.”。如果将变量hdlin_unresolved_modules定义为black_box则会将所有未解析的设计当做黑盒设并提示“Warning: 1 blackbox designs were created for missing references.”。如果使用命名端口连接则该黑盒设计拥有引脚名字的定义而没有引脚方向的定义如例3所示。// 例3 module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .data_in(data_in), .data_out(data_out) ); endmodule如果使用位置端口连接则该设计没有引脚名字和引脚方向的定义如例4所示。// 例4 module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( clk, reset, data_in, data_out, ); endmodule对于引脚名字未定义的情况Formality会使用默认的引脚名(p1、p2、p3...)对于引脚方向未定义的情况Formality会尝试根据连接关系和局部几何结构智能地、保守地猜测引脚方向并提示“Warning: 19 black-box pins of unknown direction found; see formality.log for list”。如果工具无法确定引脚方向它会假设该引脚是双向的这可能会导致多驱动线网。此外可以使用set_direction命令来显式定义引脚方向。下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/top_module Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 23:02:29 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### TECH LIBRARY - r:/FM_BBOX ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- u black_box Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/top_module/u_black_box使用变量hdlin_interface_only定义的设计在读取设计文件时变量hdlin_interface_only指定的设计将被当做黑盒设计这种黑盒拥有完整的引脚定义名字和方向如例5所示如果变量hdlin_interface_only设置时该设计已经读取但还未使用set_top命令进行展开其也会被当做黑盒设计但此时report_black_boxes命令的结果将不被标记为i而是e。// 例5 // 在使用set_top命令前设置变量hdlin_interface_only为black_box module black_box ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output reg [7:0] data_out ); always (posedge clk or posedge reset) begin if (reset) data_out 8b0; else data_out data_in; end endmodule module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .data_in(data_in), .data_out(data_out) ); endmodule下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/top_module Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 23:13:27 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### DESIGN LIBRARY - r:/WORK ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- i black_box Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/top_module/u_black_box使用set_black_box命令指定的设计使用set_black_box命令可以将一个设计设置为黑盒设计无论此时是否已使用set_top命令进行展开这种黑盒拥有完整的引脚定义名字和方向如例6所示。// 例6 // 使用set_black_box命令设置black_box设计为黑盒 module black_box ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output reg [7:0] data_out ); always (posedge clk or posedge reset) begin if (reset) data_out 8b0; else data_out data_in; end endmodule module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .data_in(data_in), .data_out(data_out) ); endmodule下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/top_module Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 23:20:41 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### DESIGN LIBRARY - r:/WORK ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- s black_box Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/top_module/u_black_box使用create_cutpoint_blackbox命令创建的设计// 例7 // 使用create_cutpoint_blackbox命令创建cut-point黑盒 // create_cutpoint_blackbox cut_blackbox [get_pins r:/WORK/top_module/u_black_box/data_in[6]] module black_box ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output reg [7:0] data_out ); always (posedge clk or posedge reset) begin if (reset) data_out 8b0; else data_out data_in; end endmodule module top_module ( input wire clk, input wire reset, input wire [7:0] data_in, output wire [7:0] data_out ); black_box u_black_box ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .data_in(data_in), .data_out(data_out) ); endmodule下面是使用report_black_boxes命令进行报告的结果。Formality (setup) report_black_boxes ************************************************** Report : black_boxes Reference : r:/WORK/top_module Implementation : None Version : W-2024.09-SP2 Date : Thu Jan 30 23:20:41 2025 ************************************************** Information: Implementation design is not set. (FM-149) Information: Reporting black boxes for current reference design. (FM-184) ___________________________________________________ | | | Legend: | | Black Box Attributes | | s Set with set_black_box command | | i Module read with -interface_only | | u Unresolved design module | | e Empty design module | | * Unlinked design module | | ut Unread tech cells pins | | L Linked to non-black box design | | cp Cutpoint blackbox | | ir Internal rounded blackbox | | f Formality Power Model | | m Technology Macro cell (.db) | |___________________________________________________| ################################################################## #### DESIGN LIBRARY - r:/WORK ################################################################## Type Design Name ---- ---------- cp black_box Instances : 1 of 1 ------------------------ r:/WORK/top_module/cut_blackbox使用create_power_model命令创建的设计