查看存储设备名# 通过qmp查看virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: query-block }# 通过hmp查看virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp info block--pretty表示将输出的json进行换行格式化展示否则只有一行该参数和--hmp互斥备份命令# 完整备份包含backing file“full”virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : full , target : /opt/backup/full.img } }# 完整备份不包含backing file仅备份当前文件“top”virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : top , target : /opt/backup/top.img } }# 实时导出新IO“none”virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : none , target : /opt/backup/none.img } }# 增量备份“bitmap”virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : incremental , bitmap : bitmap0 , target : /opt/backup/inc.0.qcow2 } }# 增量备份“bitmap”通过iscsi远程导出virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : incremental , bitmap : bitmap0 , target : iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0 } }format: qcow2 可以指定备份为qcow2格式默认为raw格式.备份的四种方式▷full完整备份会将指定磁盘及其链上的所有母盘backing file合并输出到本地▷top仅备份当前磁盘而不包含backing file。此项仅对本地盘有效对于ceph rbdtop和full的效果一样都是完整备份▷nonenew I/O即从执行备份命令起一旦有IO变化就会实时导出有变化的数据直到虚拟机关机或者手工停止job才会停止。仅支持qcow2格式的块设备不支持raw格式注意这里指的是qcow2格式而并非要求qcow2本地盘▷incremental指定dirty bitmap进行备份目前qemu的增量备份就是指基于dirty bitmap的备份上述4种备份是互斥的任意一种备份job运行中都无法执行其他类型的备份也无法再开启同种备份的新jobfull、top、none这三种备份的操作方法非常简单在前面“常用命令一览”中已经提到不再赘述而增量备份会稍微复杂点本文的重点将放在增量备份上备份任务管理# 通过qmp查看运行中的任务virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: query-block-jobs }# 通过hmp查看运行中的任务virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp info block-jobs# 停止备份任务virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute: block-job-cancel, arguments: { device: drive-virtio-disk0, force: true } }# 暂停备份任务virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : block-job-pause, arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 } }# 恢复已暂停的备份任务virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : block-job-resume, arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 } }事件监听# 始终监听事件virsh qemu-monitor-event DOMAIN --timestamp --loop# 当收到特定事件后停止监听virsh qemu-monitor-event DOMAIN --event BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED不用一次一次查看任务了可以直接开启监听就能及时看到备份完成。BitMap操作# 创建非持久bitmapqemu 2.4virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: block-dirty-bitmap-add, arguments: {node: drive-virtio-disk0,name: bitmap0}}# 创建持久bitmapqemu 2.10virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: block-dirty-bitmap-add, arguments: {node: drive-virtio-disk0,name: bitmap1, persistent: true}}# 查询虚拟机的所有磁盘的bitmapvirsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: query-block }# 删除bitmapvirsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute : block-dirty-bitmap-remove, arguments : { node : drive-virtio-disk0, name : bitmap0 } }# 重置bitmap(重置bitmap就是将bitmap的count值置为0重新跟踪磁盘变化)virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: block-dirty-bitmap-clear, arguments: {node: drive-virtio-disk0,name: bitmap0}}其他:查看支持的命令 virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAINID {execute: query-commands}查看支持的qemu-guest-agent的指令virsh qemu-agent-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: guest-info }virsh qemu-agent-command DOMAIN --cmd {execute:guest-run-command,arguments:{command:cat /etc/hosts}}查看几个盘全量备份当前盘virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : full , target : /vms/full.qcow2 , format: qcow2} }设置bitmap0virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: block-dirty-bitmap-add, arguments: {node: drive-virtio-disk0,name: bitmap0}}增长数据后导出增长数据virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : incremental , bitmap : bitmap0 , target : /vms/inc.0.qcow2, format:qcow2 } }重置bitmap0virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty { execute: block-dirty-bitmap-clear, arguments: {node: drive-virtio-disk0,name: bitmap0}}导出新的增长数据virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { execute : drive-backup , arguments : { device : drive-virtio-disk0 , sync : incremental , bitmap : bitmap0 , target : /opt/backup/inc.1.qcow2 } }增量数据合并确保链接顺序qemu-img rebase -u -b full.img inc.0.qcow2执行可以发现qemu-img info inc.0.qcow2 的输出[rootHB1-BJMY1-ComCvk-001 vms]# qemu-img info inc.0.qcow2image: inc.0.qcow2file format: qcow2virtual size: 40G (42949672960 bytes)disk size: 10Mcluster_size: 262144backing file: full.imgFormat specific information:compat: 1.1lazy refcounts: falserefcount bits: 16corrupt: falseqemu-img commit inc.1.qcow2qemu-img commit inc.0.qcow2导入qcow2开启新虚拟机