一、安装Jenkins首先将仓库密钥添加到系统中wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -添加密钥后系统会返回OK。接着将Debian软件包仓库地址添加到服务器的sources.list中sudo sh -c echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list当这两项都设置完成后运行update这样apt就会使用新的代码库了sudo apt update然后会报以下错误Reading package lists... Done W: GPG error: https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release: The following signatures couldnt be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7198F4B714ABFC68 E: The repository http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release is not signed. N: Updating from such a repository cant be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.需要运行下面命令curl -fsSL https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2026.key | sudo tee \ /usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc /dev/null echo deb [signed-by/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] \ https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee \ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list /dev/null再次执行以下命令sudo apt update最后安装Jenkins及其依赖项sudo apt install jenkins然后报以下错误The following packages have unmet dependencies: jenkins : PreDepends: init-system-helpers ( 1.54~) but 1.51 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.安装指定高版本以 1.56 为例具体版本号根据你的系统版本如 ubuntu18.04 或 20.04 调整sudo apt-get install init-system-helpers1.56nmu1~ubuntu18.04.1sudo apt update安装javatar -zxvf jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/java/sudo vim /etc/profile##JAVA_CONFIG JAVA_HOME/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_291 JRE_HOME$JAVA_HOME/jre JAVA_BIN$JAVA_HOME/bin CLASSPATH.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib PATH$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATHreboot如果报以下错误systemctl status jenkins.service ● jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2026-08-23 21:11:37 CST; 11s ago Process: 4297 ExecStart/usr/bin/jenkins (codeexited, status1/FAILURE) Main PID: 4297 (codeexited, status1/FAILURE) 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart. 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5. 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: Stopped Jenkins Continuous Integration Server. 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly. 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result exit-code. 8月 23 21:11:37 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: Failed to start Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.检查jenkins的配置文件vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.serviceJenkins的配置有些默认是注释掉的我们需要去掉注释并根据自己情况进行配置以下两点需要注意配置日志注释打开后续记录日志会存放在该目录JDK安装路径配置配置好后重新启动服务systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart jenkins由于systemctl不会显示任何输出因此可以使用其status命令来确认Jenkins已成功启动sudo systemctl status jenkins如果一切正常输出内容的开头应显示该服务处于活跃状态并且已被设置为在系统启动时自动运行。● jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2026-08-24 10:59:55 CST; 22h ago Main PID: 16231 (java) Tasks: 46 (limit: 4915) CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service └─16231 /opt/java/jdk-21.0.11/bin/java -Djava.awt.headlesstrue -jar /usr/share/java/jenkins.war --webroot/var/cache/jenkins/war --logfile/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log 8月 24 10:59:47 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: Starting Jenkins Continuous Integration Server... 8月 24 10:59:47 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 jenkins[16231]: Running from: /usr/share/java/jenkins.war 8月 24 10:59:55 warrior-YangTianT4900c-13 systemd[1]: Started Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.默认情况下Jenkins在端口8080上运行因此我们使用端口ufw来打开该端口。sudo ufw allow 8080查看ufw的状态以确认新规则sudo ufw status二、配置Jenkins要设置您的安装环境请访问Jenkins的默认端口。8080使用您的服务器域名或IP地址http://your_server_ip_or_domain:8080 你应该会看到“解锁Jenkins”界面该界面会显示初始密码的位置在终端窗口中使用cat命令来显示密码sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword从终端中复制32位字母数字组合的密码将其粘贴到管理员密码字段中然后点击“继续”。 下一个界面会提供安装推荐插件或选择特定插件的选项我们会点击“安装推荐插件”选项这样安装过程就会立即开始我们会点击“安装推荐插件”选项这样安装过程就会立即开始还需要安装的插件有GitSSHStage ViewGerrit Trigger安装完成后系统会提示您设置第一个管理员用户。其实也可以跳过这一步直接使用之前设定的初始密码来继续操作但我们还是建议花点时间创建一个用户账户。输入您的用户名和密码您会看到一个“实例配置”页面该页面会要求您确认Jenkins实例的默认URL。请确认服务器的域名或IP地址即可确认所有信息无误后点击“保存并完成”。随后会出现一个确认页面显示“Jenkins已准备就绪”的提示。点击“开始使用Jenkins”即可进入Jenkins的主控制面板三、Gerrit Trigger 配置通过 New Server新建一个名为Check4Gerrit的Server配置如下有可能会报以下错误:原因为 .ssh文件夹里的权限不对需做以下修改创建任务选择流水线任务选择Gerrit TriggerGerrit Project 配置流水线配置