Neo4j学习总结

一.基本概念Neo4j 是一款原生图数据库用**节点Node表示实体用关系Relationship表示实体之间的连接并可用属性Property**描述节点和关系。它以 属性图模型 存储与查询数据使用 Cypher 作为查询语言适合处理高度关联的数据知识图谱、社交网络、推荐、风控等。Neo4j 用 属性图Property Graph 模型官网https://neo4j.com文档入口https://neo4j.com/docs/核心概念:查询语言Cypher官网主推的声明式图查询语言协议Bolt默认 7687二.Docker安装Neo4j1. 准备环境1.安装并打开 Docker Desktop2.菜单栏鲸鱼图标显示 Running3.终端验证docker version docker info能正常输出版本即可。2. 拉取社区版镜像docker pull neo4j:5.26.8-community确认docker images|grep neo4j应能看到 neo4j 和 5.26.8-community。3. 创建数据目录推荐方便持久化mkdir-p ~/neo4j/data~/neo4j/logs ~/neo4j/import ~/neo4j/plugins ~/neo4j/conf4. 启动容器把密码改成你自己的至少 8 位不要太简单docker run-d \--name neo4j-5.26.8 \-p 7474:7474 \-p 7687:7687 \-e NEO4J_AUTHneo4j/YourPassword \-e NEO4J_PLUGINS[apoc]\-e NEO4J_dbms_security_procedures_unrestrictedapoc.*\-e NEO4J_server_memory_heap_initial__size512m \-e NEO4J_server_memory_heap_max__size1G \-e NEO4J_server_memory_pagecache_size512m \-e TZAsia/Shanghai \-v ~/neo4j/data:/data\-v ~/neo4j/logs:/logs \-v ~/neo4j/import:/var/lib/neo4j/import \-v ~/neo4j/plugins:/plugins \-v ~/neo4j/conf:/conf \--health-cmdwget -qO- http://localhost:7474 || exit 1\--health-interval30s \--health-timeout10s \--health-retries5 \ neo4j:5.26.8-community参数说明查看是否在跑dockerpsdocker logs-f neo4j-5.26.8日志里出现类似 Started. / Remote interface available at http://localhost:7474/ 就差不多就绪了。5. 打开 Neo4j Browser浏览器访问http://localhost:7474用户名neo4j密码上面设的 YourPasswordConnect URL 一般是neo4j://localhost:7687 或 bolt://localhost:7687MATCH (p:Person {id: ‘马云’})-[r]-(m) RETURN p, r, m6. 常用运维命令# 停止docker stop neo4j-5.26.8# 启动dockerstartneo4j-5.26.8# 重启docker restart neo4j-5.26.8# 看日志docker logs-f neo4j-5.26.8# 进容器docker exec-it neo4j-5.26.8 bash# 删除容器数据在 ~/neo4j/data一般还在dockerrm-f neo4j-5.26.87. 可选用 docker-compose方便以后启停在任意目录建 docker-compose.ymlservices: neo4j: image: neo4j:5.26.8-community container_name: neo4j-5.26.8#restart: unless-stoppedports:-7474:7474# HTTP / Neo4j Browser-7687:7687# Boltenvironment:# 用户名/密码neo4j / 1qaz3edcNEO4J_AUTH: neo4j/1qaz3edc# 自动安装 APOCNEO4J_PLUGINS:[apoc]# 放开 APOC 过程权限NEO4J_dbms_security_procedures_unrestricted:apoc.*# 内存Neo4j 5.x 写法下划线用双下划线NEO4J_server_memory_heap_initial__size: 512m NEO4J_server_memory_heap_max__size: 1G NEO4J_server_memory_pagecache_size: 512m# 时区TZ: Asia/Shanghai volumes:-./data:/data-./logs:/logs-./import:/var/lib/neo4j/import-./plugins:/plugins-./conf:/conf healthcheck: test:[CMD-SHELL,wget -qO- http://localhost:7474 || exit 1]interval: 30s timeout: 10s retries: 5 start_period: 60s然后cd ~/neo4j docker compose up-d# 启动docker composeps# 查看状态docker compose logs-f# 看日志docker compose stop# 停止docker compose down# 停止并删除容器数据仍在 ./data这几个都要在 ~/neo4j 目录下执行因为 docker-compose.yml 在这里。三. 安装Cypher ShellCypher Shell 是 Neo4j 官方的命令行客户端在终端里连上数据库直接写、跑 Cypher看结果。类似 MySQL 的 mysql 客户端只是面向图库。Homebrew方式安装1.确认有 Homebrewbrew--version2.安装 Cypher Shellbrew install cypher-shell它会依赖 Java 21openjdk21一般会一起装上。3. 验证安装cypher-shell--version which cypher-shell四.典型应用场景知识图谱 / GraphRAG 后端推荐系统用户–物品–标签风控与反欺诈团伙、环路权限与 IT 资产拓扑供应链、依赖分析、社交网络