当出现上述问题时首先更新系统软件源更新本地软件包索引获取最新版本信息sudo apt-get update#升级已安装包sudo apt-get upgrade接着再装试一试sudo apt-get install如果还不行就要更新软件源Ubuntu 更新软件源的方法1、打开终端2、输入命令备份原有软件源文件3、打开sources.list文件并添加新的软件源地址4、输入命令更新系统软件源地址。具体步骤具体步骤如下1、使用快捷键【ctrlaltt】打开终端。2、输入以下命令备份原有软件源文件。cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak_yyyymmdd3、再输入以下命令打开sources.list文件并添加新的软件源地址。vim /etc/apt/sources.list #打开sources.list文件PS 新安装的Ubuntu可能没有安装Vim, 用如下命令先安装Vimsudo apt-get install vim-gtk在文件末尾添加新的软件源地址常用国内源地址如下#阿里源地址deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse#华为源地址deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricteddeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricteddeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universedeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universedeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universedeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricteddeb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe#中科大源地址deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse#163源地址deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse#清华源地址deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe ultiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe ultiverseapt工作原理每当执行命令进行软件的安装或着更新或者软件源的更新时apt会访问/etc/apt/sources.list内的地址并在该网站中找到对应系统的包信息例如我的操作系统是ubuntu网站是deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse网易的那么当我们执行安装的命令时他就会对应的访问http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/binary-i386/的packages.gz这个文件是服务器上软件包及其依赖关系的清单并且用gzip压缩过了。apt-get update使用这个清单来确定能够获得哪些补充的软件包且他的内容会被保存在/var/lib/apt/lists内通过访问这个lists确定该软件是否已安装是否是最新版本依赖关系是否满足从而确定要更新内容并进行更新其安装过程主要是由dpkg来完成。总体上来说apt是倾向于下载的一个管理工具